Gulf News

India’s frugal dynamism

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Indians are natural leaders in innovation, imbued as they are with the ‘jugaad’ system of developing makeshift but workable solutions from limited resources
  • By Shashi Tharoor | Special to Gulf News
  • Published: July 16, 2012




























India’s sliding economy has inspired gloom and doom far and wide, but increasingly bearish sentiment is misplaced. India still offers hope, but, to understand why, you have to leave macroeconomic indicators aside and go micro. To take one example: Google the phrase “frugal innovation,” and the first 20 search results all relate to India.

Indian companies have long recognised the opportunities in meeting previously overlooked demand at the “bottom of the pyramid.” Shampoo sachets originated in India more than two decades ago, creating a market for a product that the poor had never before been able to afford. Indians without the space or money to buy a whole bottle of shampoo for Rs100 (Dh6.66) could spend five for a sachet that they would use once or twice.

But India’s leadership in “frugal innovation” goes beyond downsizing: It involves starting with the needs of poor consumers — itself a novel term (who knew the poor could be consumers?) — and working backwards. Instead of complicating or refining their products, Indian innovators strip them down to their bare essentials, making them affordable, accessible, durable and effective.

Indians are natural leaders in frugal innovation, imbued as they are with the ‘jugaad’ system of developing makeshift but workable solutions from limited resources. ‘Jugaad’ essentially conveys a way of life, a world view that embodies the quality of making do with what you have to meet your needs.

But ‘jugaad’ is not about pirating products or making cheap imitations of global brands. It is about innovation — finding inexpensive solutions, often improvised on the fly, within the constraints of a resource-starved developing country full of poor people. An Indian villager constructs a makeshift vehicle to transport his livestock and goods by rigging a wooden cart with an irrigation hand pump that serves as an engine. That’s ‘jugaad’.

Common machines and household objects are reincarnated in ways that their original manufacturers never intended. Everything is reusable or reimaginable. If you cannot afford your mobile phone bills, you invent the concept of the “missed call” — a brief ring that is not answered, but that signals your need to speak to the recipient.

Indian ingenuity has produced a startling number of world-beating innovations, none more impressive than the Tata Nano, which, at $2,000 (Dh7,356), costs roughly the same as a high-end DVD player in a western luxury car. Of course, there’s no DVD player in the Nano (and no radio, either, in the basic model); but its innovations (which have garnered 34 patents) are not merely the result of doing away with frills (including power brakes, air conditioning and side-view mirrors). Reducing the use of steel by inventing an aluminium engine; increasing space by moving the wheels to the edge of the chassis and relying on a modular design that enables the car to be assembled from kits proved conclusively that you could do more with less.

Then there’s the GE MAC 400, a hand-held electrocardiogram (ECG) device that costs $800 (the cheapest alternative costs more than $2,000), and the Tata Swachh, a $24 water purifier (ten times cheaper than its nearest competitor). The GE MAC 400 uses just four buttons, rather than the usual dozen, and a tiny portable printer, making it small enough to fit into a satchel and even run on batteries; it has reduced the cost of an ECG to just $1 per patient. The Swachh uses rice husks (one of India’s most common waste products) to purify water. Given that some five million Indians die of cardiovascular diseases every year, more than a quarter of them under 65, and that about two million die from drinking contaminated water, the value of these innovations is apparent.

Many other examples of frugal innovation are already in the market, including a low-cost fuel-efficient mini-truck, an inexpensive mini-tractor being sold profitably in the US, a battery-powered refrigerator, a $100 electricity inverter and a $12 solar lamp.

Moreover, medical innovations are widespread. An Indian company has invented a cheaper Hepatitis B vaccine, bringing down the price from $15 per injection to less than $0.10. Insulin’s price has fallen by 40 per cent, thanks to India’s leading biotech firm. A Bangalore company’s diagnostic tool to test for tuberculosis and infectious diseases costs $200, compared to $10,000 for comparable equipment in the West.

Late last year, India’s government unveiled a hand-held computer that costs only Rs2,250 (about $40). Aakash has a resistive seven-inch touch screen, like Apple’s iPad. It comes in a rugged plastic casing, has two gigabytes of flash memory, two USB ports, headphone and video output jacks and Wi-Fi capability.
Aakash uses the Android 2.2 operating system and consumes a meagre two watts of power, which is supplied by an internal lithium-ion battery that can be charged using a solar-powered charger. And the government will subsidise 50 per cent of the cost to students, so a young Indian just has to pay $20 to have his own tablet. The initial reviews are good.

Even the financial sector has seen innovation. Just three years ago, there were only 15 million bank accounts in a country of 1.2 billion people. Indians concluded that if people won’t come to the banks, the banks should go to the people. The result has been the creation of brigades of travelling tellers with hand-held devices, who have converted the living rooms of village homes into makeshift branches, taking deposits as low as a dollar. More than 50 million new bank accounts have been established, bringing India’s rural poor into the modern financial system.

Frugal innovation pervades the Indian economy. It is one of the reasons why there is more dynamism in the Indian economy than those who look only at the macroeconomic data believe. Sometimes it is important to stop looking at the forest and focus on the trees.

Project Syndicate

Shashi Tharoor, a former Indian minister of state for external affairs and former UN under-secretary general, is a member of India’s parliament and the author of a dozen books, including India from Midnight to the Millennium and Nehru: the Invention of India.

My comments as follows:
An eye opener to all those who go for highly priced technological gadgets and  services, with several options one never uses. Hope this article by Mr. Tharoor serves as a catalyst to promote these micro economic items which normally serves all the required purpose of such knowhow. At times, they even come out with better versions at a limited budget as detailed extensively by him. The basic thought behind these innovation and invention takes us back to our ancestors way of frugal approach and burning their fingers only for what is necessary in their day to day life and future, thus saving for a better tomorrow. As we see this thought process is ridiculed by the new generation who run after gadgets and their upgrades after a very limited usage and with no value for money.
Ramesh Menon, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

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Historic landmarks need to be maintained

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Historic Abu Dhabi landmarks not maintained

Authorities need to ensure that proper attention and respect is given to key sights
By Ramesh Menon, Gulf News Reader
Published: July 6, 2012
  • Image Credit: Ramesh Menon/Gulf News Reader
  • An iconic landmark in Abu Dhabi is covered in graffiti and dirt.

I was walking along the airport road of Abu Dhabi towards the corniche, where the historic canon and incense burner shaped landmarks are situated. It has been a prestigious piece for a long time.
The fountain along with its majestic positioning in the middle of high rise buildings on both sides gives a special feeling to whoever visits this central part of Abu Dhabi.
However, walking closer to the fountain and the canon shaped structure, I was astonished with the way it has been damaged and ignored for maintenance. The landmark had tiles missing, grills broken, waste thrown around, and graffiti on its wall.
  • Image Credit: Ramesh Menon/Gulf News Reader
  • The canon shaped structure appears to have been ignored for maintenance.

It gave me an unpleasant feeling of how people take care of these historic landmarks. Some years ago, the prestigious ‘Volcano Fountain’ was demolished, and it’s now history. We don’t know whether this is also an item marked to be demolished in the near future.
I request that the Abu Dhabi authorities give this historic landmark of Abu Dhabi a facelift and also take action against whoever spoils its beauty with graffiti or advertisements. Please take good care of Abu Dhabi’s historic landmarks.
This reader is based in Abu Dhabi
Be a community reporter. Tell us what is happening in your community. Send us your videos and pictures at readers@gulfnews.com


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Mall shoppers left unprotected under the sun

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Mall shoppers left unprotected under the sun

Busy bus stop at Marina Mall in Abu Dhabi lacks bus shelter By Ramesh Menon, Gulf News Reader Published: June 29, 2012

Image Credit: Ramesh Menon

Shoppers leaving Marina Mall are often left waiting for the bus under the sun because no bus shelter is available at the popular bus stop.

Abu Dhabi’s public buses connect the Marina Mall shopping complex to various points in the city. The service and the buses are very useful for shoppers at the mall.

However, the bus stop in front of the mall doesn’t have a shelter for the passengers. The shades and benches provided are far away from the bus stop. Another issue is that the chain dividers for the taxi parking area act as a hindrance to passengers who have to rush between the taxis and the dividers when the bus arrives.

I urge the mall and other relevant authorities to kindly consider installing temporary sun shades for shoppers who use the bus during this summer period.

The reader is based in Abu Dhabi.

Be a community reporter. Tell us what is happening in your community. Send us your videos and pictures at readers@gulfnews.com

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Uncomfortable seating causes public bus users discomfort

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Uncomfortable seating causes public bus users discomfort 
No air conditioning a turn-off for bus users during cross-emirate trips

By Ramesh Menon, Gulf News reader, Published: June 24, 2012

Image Credit: Ramesh Menon/Gulf News Reader
While traveling from Abu Dhabi to Dubai, Ramesh Menon found his journey enjoyable as the newer bus was comfortable and offered a smooth ride.
In order to go to Dubai from Abu Dhabi one Friday morning, I decided to use the bus instead of driving, as I thought – why drive unnecessarily when there is an efficient bus system in place?
I went to the main bus station and was told by the security personnel to go inside the station to collect a ticket.
Inside, I approached a staff member to purchase a ticket and handed him a Dh100 note. He told me he had no change, but after waiting there for a few minutes and after a few other passengers had purchased tickets, I was able to get mine.
I walked back to the bus, which was one of the latest models and was ready and waiting. After a 10-minute wait, the journey started.
The bus was comfortable, the air-conditioner worked properly and the journey was smooth. I dozed off automatically, as I relaxed.
For the price of Dh15, I had the safest and most comfortable journey I could ever take to reach Dubai from Abu Dhabi.


>Image Credit: Gulf News archive
Menon’s trip back to Abu Dhabi was a lot less comfortable as the older bus’ air conditioning and seating were not up to par.


However, on my return trip, upon reaching the Bur Dubai bus station, I found the queue for the bus comparatively large. I found the ticket station and collected my ticket, but realised it was neither the same type of bus nor the same ticket price.

The bus was older and the charge from Dubai to Abu Dhabi was Dh25.
It was relatively noisy all the way to Abu Dhabi and the air conditioner was not at all proper. Rather, it was not there at all.
Added to all that, the seats were not at all comfortable and the two-hour journey back was really cumbersome.
By the time I reached Abu Dhabi, I was really tired, sweaty and exhausted.
While I commend this service provided to the general public and praise its efficiency, I humbly request the authorities check that the air conditioning system in each bus is in good condition.
Also, all buses should be fitted with comfortable seats, especially those taking passengers on a two-hour journey or longer. They could also set one price of Dh15 for the trip from Abu Dhabi to Dubai and back.
I am sure if these changes are implemented, more of the general public will show interest in using the bus services to travel between the emirates.

The reader is a technical officer based in Abu Dhabi.

Be a community reporter. Tell us what is happening in your community. Send us your videos and pictures at readers@gulfnews.com

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Tenancy contract and utility bill mandatory for UAE residence visa

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Tenancy contract and utility bill mandatory for UAE residence visa

Rule will be implemented after summer break and people will be informed about it: top official
By Iman Sherif, Staff Reporter/GULF NEWS
Abu Dhabi: The authorities’ new requirement of a tenancy contract and copies of utility bills to get a residence visa has not been reverted but only postponed, a top official has confirmed to Gulf News.
“The implementation of the decree is not immediate, as the authorities are allowing a grace period for people to return from the summer holidays, and people will be informed of the dates when this becomes mandatory,” the official said.
“ The decision is not targeting any party or property group but it will serve those departments seeking accurate data about foreigners’ residences ”
Major General Nasser Al Awadi Al Menhali Earlier, the rule was to be implemented from June 1
According to Major General Nasser Al Awadi Al Menhali, the Assistant Undersecretary of the Ministry of Interior for Naturalisation, Residency and Ports Affair, requesting a copy of the housing contract or electricity and water invoice to issue a residency visa, is an administrative decision aimed at maintaining accurate records of people’s places of residence.
“Many residents change their addresses, and it has become difficult for the authorities to reach them. Labourers, whose companies provide them with group housing, have to provide a document that states their address along with a letter from the company, or any contract document, that proves where they live,” Al Menhali said.
Gulf News broke the story last week that tenancy contracts and electricity bills would be mandatory to renew a residence visa or to apply for a new one from June 1.
Security purposes
“The decree aims primarily to provide addresses of all residents for security purposes. The decree does not target a specific category of people, but rather provides the residency sector with accurate, updated and correctly documented database,” Al Menhali said.
“The procedure will be unified across the UAE. It is a procedure that is applied worldwide and not only in the UAE,” he added.
A residency official told Gulf News that the new decision is aimed at improving living conditions, as well as maintaining an accurate census of families living in the UAE and the number of members in each family.
“This procedure is to prevent more than one family from living together as currently four or five families share the same housing,” he said.
“Families will not be allowed to share housing,” he added.
Responding to queries Al Menhali said those sharing accommodation must also present proof of their residence by submitting a tenancy contract or utility bill in their names.
“Those working with companies which provide them with collective accommodation must present proof of their residence, an address and a letter from the employer showing where he resides,” he added.
Al Menhali underlined that the new rule is primarily aimed at verifying the residence of all expatriates living in the UAE for security and procedural reasons.
“It is a security, administrative and service decision taken by the immigration and foreign affairs departments in the country”.
“The decision is not targeting any party or property group but it will serve those departments seeking accurate data about foreigners’ residences,” he added.
My comments as follows:
Thank you for the clarifications on the tenancy contract requirements. This is not a new requirement for visa processing. However, the implementation of attestation process and procedures for residency proof documents, like direct tenancy contract with owners, rental agreement with agencies, and attestation of electricity and telephone bills, if mandatory should be done through an appropriate attestation desk controlled by the authorities. These attestation offices should be set up either at the immigration offices or at specific public points and should function throughout after office hours. This will help residents avoid running around from one office to another and can reduce waste of professional man hours for processing residency permits. Linking important facility ownership details with UAE ID cards will help assist this process of verification. Currently, car ownership is done in a similar manner and can incorporate the ones like tenancy details, etisalat and dewa account details etc. 

Ramesh Menon, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

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More bus shelters needed – My letters

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More bus shelters needed
People either stand near a wall or a hotel close by to protect themselves from the sun
By Shahnawas Latiff, Gulf News ReaderPublished: 00:00 May 9, 2012

Image Credit: VIRENDRA SAKLANI/Gulf News
Passengers are forced to cover themselves with pieces of cloth as they wait for the bus at an open bus stop because there are no shelters nearby.
I would like to draw attention to a request that people need most while commuting.
This is with regard to bus stops without proper shelter from the sun, such as the one in Al Quoz. I’m not sure how many more similar situations are happening across the UAE.
Al Quoz bus station is one of the stops that has a good frequency of operation, but what it lacks the most is shelter. I have been to this bus stop a couple of times and everything was fine, except the bus stop itself. I saw people either taking shelter near a wall or a hotel close by to protect themselves from the scorching sun.
I would like to appeal to the authorities concerned to provide at least a temporary arrangement before the peak of summer in order to protect commuters.
There could be many more bus stops that might require this urgent attention.
— This reader is a market analyst
Be a community reporter. Tell us what is happening in your community. Send us your videos and pictures at readers@gulfnews.com
My comments as follows:

Very timely report. With the sun at it’s best today with strong wind, even sitting in the comfort of my cars aircondition, I felt it extremely hot. I hope the authorities take note of this summer scenario and re-prioritise the renovation, installation of waiting sheds in all the emirates. It is all the more important as the taxi charges are on the rise, and recommendation to use more public transports to avoid traffic congestion on the road.
Ramesh Menon, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Quintuplets beat odds to clear Grade 10 exams – My letters

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Quintuplets beat odds to clear Grade 10 exams
After father’s death, mother raised them single-handedly
By K. Jayaprakash, CorrespondentPublished: 00:00 April 29, 2012
Thiruvananthapuram: The quintuplets of Kerala are in the news again. They — Uthara, Uthraja, Uthrajan, Utthara and Uthama — have scored exceptionally well in the Grade 10 examination, results of which were announced on Thursday.

Thus, the four sisters and the lone brother fulfilled their promise to their mother Remadevi, who works as a peon at the Pothencode branch of the District Cooperative Bank in Thiruvananthapuram.

She single-handedly takes care of her five children since the demise of her husband Premkumar seven years ago.

The couple was happy at the birth of five children, though they had wished for one. But their happiness was short-lived.

“They were not healthy. They fell sick frequently. We took them to hospital regularly and it was unimaginable to take care of the five together,” Remadavi recalled.

Adding to the couple’s woes, Premkumar’s business (a stationery shop and bakery) ran into trouble. As losses mounted, he committed suicide.

“Some newspaper carried my ordeal. Thus, the government offered me the current job. Several people came to help. I had decided that I would not follow the path of my husband. I decided to bring up my kids by doing any job at any cost.
“I don’t know how the money will be raised for their education. Some organisations have come forward,” Remadevi said.

The five are on cloud nine as wishes and blessings are pouring in from near and far to their home at Venjaranmood.

“I want to be a doctor,” Uthraja said. Uthara dreams of being a journalist. Their brother Uthrajan aims to be a computer engineer. Utthara and Uthama are confused about what course to pursue. While Uthraja has scored six A+ (for Grade 10 exams, grades are given, not marks — A+ is top scoring), her sisters and brother have fared equally well.

Uthrajan and Uthara prefer the computer science group for Grade 11 and 12 while the rest have decided to pursue the science stream. They plan to continue their studies at Lourde Mount Higher Secondary School, Vattapara.

“The school authorities have offered them seats,” Remadevi told Gulf News.

They were born through a Caesarean section at the SUT hospital in Thiruvanathapuram in 1995.

My comments as follows:

Congratulations to these 5 children and their mother to take harsh life realities head on and reach this far with a winning smile. It is commendable in all aspects on this mother as we all know how demanding educational expenses are and for the children with limited resources to keep aiming on an objective oriented academics to progress in life. Gulf News too deserve special praise to highlight this story with prominence as it will be inspiring to all students from the region and keep reminding them that difficulties if any, are momentary and they have to aim high and stay focused on their goal. Another sense of this particular news coverage was it’s meaningfulness to readers than reading mundane news like some person marrying two sisters at the same time. Ramesh Menon, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

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Family of five survive on leftovers from weddings

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Family of five survive on leftovers from weddings

Father says he contemplated suicide several times
  • By Rayeesa Absal, Staff Reporter
  • Published: 00:00 April 25, 2012
Al Ain: A family, including three young children, the youngest just two years old, has been surviving mostly on leftover food they salvage from a wedding hall near their home, for over 18 months now.
In a place where food wastage is come across too often, the Indian family of five is determined to fight against the odds to survive, they said, but they don’t deny having had second thoughts. The father, Mohammad (full name withheld to protect privacy), confesses that the thought of suicide has crossed his mind several times.

Crying inconsolably, covering his face tightly with his hands, he said that his little one, who is always clinging on to him, is probably the reason he hasn’t gone that far.

“My three daughters, aged nine, seven and two push me to keep trying my best to survive,” he said.

Whenever kind-hearted neighbours, some of whom are working at the wedding hall itself, inform them about a wedding taking place, the entire family waits until about 11pm or midnight — when the celebrations usually come to an end — and then go to the hall to collect leftover food, with the permission of the workers.

“Mostly it is camel meat and rice and other food items we get. We freeze the food in plastic bags, write the date on the bags and ration it out over the week, until there is another wedding,” said Mohammad, 41, who hails from Kerala in India.

“It felt a better option than letting the kids starve,” his wife, added.

Speaking to Gulf News at their home in Al Ain, the family said that they have been struggling financially for some time now. Mohammad has been in the UAE for 16 years, doing interior decoration jobs in households while his family used to live in India.

Like many expatriate workers he missed his family, but could not afford to bring them here. Then some tormenting family issues back home, forced his wife to attempt suicide as she slashed her wrist. Fortunately, she did not succeed, but Mohammad knew he had to bring his family to stay with him to avoid such situations from recurring, he said.

But problems for him began when he decided to be part of a plan of his ‘trusted friend’ to set up a small business. The so-called friend took off with the money, leaving Mohammad indebted to the loan shark. He ended up in prison but his Emirati sponsor managed to get him out of jail after reaching a compromise with the loan shark.

“Now I pay him [the loan shark] Dh1,000 every month out of the Dh1,300 I earn monthly from my sponsor. The remaining is hardly enough to pay even the school fees, let alone grocery,” he said.

Their house, an almost dilapidated extension of a villa, belonging to their house owner, reflects their plight. The only room of the house has a bed with no mattress on one side, a broken air conditioner and a wardrobe with no doors. Torn uniforms and schools bags are tucked away under the bed.

“It is hardest for the children,” Mohammad’s wife said. “Their friends make fun of them at school, about the shabby clothes their father wears. They feel very ashamed.”

A worker from a nearby home, provides them with goat milk and eggs occasionally, she said.

Sigh of relief


The family can now heave a sigh of relief as a charity organisation, Valley of Love (VOL), has taken up their case. The volunteers are helping us sort out our issue — one at a time. They spoke to the school, who then donated [a] few uniforms. We are hopeful of things taking a turn for the better,” Mohammad said.

VOL volunteer Joseph Bobby said that the plight of the family is probably the worst one he has seen in years of working as a volunteer. “There is no use of sympathising after a person commits suicide, rather the community should help when there is still time.” The recent spate of suicides are what prompted VOL to focus on such cases, he said. Most would have given up long before, but they are brave enough to fight it out, added Bobby

To help Mohammad and his family, please contact Joseph Bobby, volunteer of the Valley of Love, on 055 3370044.
My comments as follows:
Very timely news for this family, which I hope will assist them to recover and us to not see a repeat of the recent Ras Al Khaimah family tragedy of a similar kind. God bless all those who assisted them with helping hand before this news came out and now and on till they are safe and settled. Special appreciation and praise also goes to his local sponsor for helping him when in need.
Ramesh Menon, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Need to clean up – Gulf News Community Report Dt. 5 April 2012

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Need to clean up

Gulf News reader raises concern over facility
  • By Ramesh Menon, Gulf News Reader
  • Published: 00:00 April 5, 2012

  • Image Credit: Gulf News reader Ramesh Menon
  • Gulf News reader Ramesh Menon is displeased with the way a transformer station in Abu Dhabi’s Tourist Club area was made into a dump.
  • While on a walk in the prominent Tourist Club Area in Abu Dhabi, I was astonished to see this site of a transformer station being callously transformed into a waste disposal ground.

    What made me more worried was the fact that this accumulated waste would not have happened within a day or two. This calls out the careless attitude of several parties. First and foremost, those who take away tea and other drinks from numerous restaurants and groceries throw away paper cups in this area.

    Secondly, to the Abu Dhabi authorities responsible for maintaining this station, and other such stations to keep it safe. Thirdly, to the Abu Dhabi municipality cleaning staff and supervisors responsible for cleaning and clearing such waste. Considering the fact that this station in in a heavily populated location, what would happen if a careless smoker throws a lighted cigarette in that area?

    Apart from fire hazards and hygiene issues, due to heavy wind, these waste items are likely to get stuck in the ducts of the transformer, reducing its performance capabilities.

    I hope such a thing does not happen.

    Authorities, kindly take necessary initiatives to keep the transformer areas safe by way of high wire meshes protecting it so that no inflammable waste material could be thrown into the open spaces surrounding transformers. Secondly, please fine those who litter and make such volatile areas more dangerous.

    — The reader is a technical officer and resident of Abu Dhabi

    To read it in original, please visit GULF NEWS Online

    Distracted on the road – My Letters – GULF NEWS – Dt 26.03.2012

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    Distracted on the road – My Letters – GULF NEWS – Dt 26.03.2012

    Distracted on the road

    During one of my drives from Abu Dhabi to Dubai I noticed many drivers using their mobile phones to talk or send text messages. I also noticed that many of them drive luxury cars and many are female drivers. In one case, I saw a woman driving with a small child sitting between her and the door, while talking on the phone to someone. I have a feeling that the number of middle class residents using their phones while driving has decreased due to heavy fines. So why don’t the authorities implement a pro rata-based percentage surcharge on top of the regular fine that is based on the type of car the motorist drives, his or her employment or salary? Those who drive such expensive cars are supposed to be educated and should project themselves to the society as an example in terms of being safe on the roads. I am writing this after seeing many drivers either talking or sending text messages while driving.

    To read it in original, please visit GULF NEWS online.

    From Mr Ramesh Menon
    Abu Dhabi